Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 16، number In Volume 5، August 2023 ، issue Number 87

Investigating and analyzing the position and function of silence in Rumi and Nikos Kazantzakis

Fatemeh Avani (Author in Charge), Mostafa Gorji , Farhad Doroudgarian , Ali (Pedram) Mirzaei

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: "Silence", despite all its angles and dimensions, is one of the secrets of human excellence in the stages of the mystical journey. In this discourse, when language and mind reach the position of silence; God speaks in the language of mystics and accepts mute speech. Molavi is one of the mystics who emphasizes on "silence of language and mind" and of course this aspect of Molavi"s speech has been discussed in the form of numerous researches. On the other hand, one of the contemporary thinkers in the field of Western mysticism and philosophy, who in epistemological fields, has a lot of similarities with Molavi"s thought, especially in the category of "silence". It is "Nikos Kazantzakis" who in this article examines the concept of silence, its importance and functions, and its causes and factors.

METHODOLOGY: The research method in this article is a comparative analysis and its purpose is to understand and understand the way and logic of Molavi and Kazantzakis"s thinking in the discussion of silence and examine its types, methods and benefits in the fields of belief, desire and behavior. In this research, with the aim of investigating the concept of silence, the most important works of Moulawi (Mathnavi and Divan Kabir) and Kazantzakis (Report to the soil of Greece, lost in the right path, Zorba the Greek, Sufism and spiritual experiences) have been examined.

FINDINGS: The findings of the research show that there are many similarities in the thought of Molavi and Kazantzakis despite the intellectual and discourse differences. In the opinion of these two wise thinkers, talkativeness is the biggest mental and psychological pest and damage, the most important result of which is soul contamination and lack of excellence.

CONCLUSION: The silence of the language leads to the silence of the mind and as a result prepares a person to hear the "call of God".

Keyword
Molana , Nikos Kazantzakis , Philosophy of Silence , Comparative Literature.

• Anqaravi, Ismail. (2001). Kabir Anqaravi's commentary on Molvi's Masnavi, translated by Ismat Sattarzadeh, Tehran: Barg Zarin.
• Eskandari, Hossein and A’lminia, Mansoure. (2015). "Man as a linguistic problem (Molan's view on the role of language in determining the mental state and behavior of man)". Clinical Psychology Quarterly, 6(24), pp. 63-98.
• Huxley, Aldros. (2009). Silence, a walk in Sepehr Jan: Essays and Categories in Spirituality, translated by Mustafa Malekian, Tehran: Contemporary View.
• Ibn Arabi, Muhammad ibn Ali. (1988). Ibn Arabi's letters, introduction, correction and notes by Najib Mayel Heravi, Tehran: Molla.
• Kazantzakis, Nikos. (2001). Travels, translated by Mohammad Dehghani, Tehran: Jami.
• Kazantzakis, Nikos. (2004). Spiritual experiences, translated by Masya Barzegar, Tehran: Kitab Khurshid.
• Kazantzakis, Nikos. (2007). Fearless seeker of God on earth, translated by Gholamreza Khaki, Tehran: Resesh.
• Kazantzakis, Nikos. (2008). Sir o Suluk (Sufism), translated by Heydar Shoja’ei, Tehran: Fehrest.
• Kazantzakis, Nikos. (2014). Zorbai Unani, translated by Taimur Safari, Tehran: Amirkabir.
• Kazantzakis, Nikos. (2017). Report to the soil of Greece, Tehran: Teyf negar.
• Kazantzakis, Nikos. (2018). The Path of Righteousness, translated by Mounir Jazni (Mehran), Tehran: AmirKabir.
• Malekian, Mustafa. (2008). Chirag Roshan Khamishi, in Hadith Arzoomandi: Essays on Rationality and Spirituality, Tehran: Contemporary View.
• Molavi, Jalaluddin Mohammad. (2013). Generalities of Shams Tabrizi, based on Nizamuddin Nouri's correction, Tehran: Aban Kitab.
• Molvi, Jalaluddin Mohammad. (2006). Masnavi M’anavi, by the efforts of Mohammad Reza Barzegar Khaleghi, Tehran: Zavvar.
• Nikos Kazantzakis. (2001). A narrative of restless souls, translated by Kamiar Abedi, Book of the Month of Literature and Philosophy, August and September, numbers 46 and 47.
• Partow, Abulqasem. (2013). Shur-e- Khoda, Tehran: Asatir.
• Searle, John R. (2007). Speech verbs; An essay on the philosophy of language, translated by Mohammad Ali Abdullahi, Qom: Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture.
• Shafi'i Kadkani, Mohammad Reza. (1998). A selection of Shams's poems, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.